Which are the major types of fingerprints?

The major types of fingerprints are identified as loops, whorls, and arches. These classifications are based on the unique patterns formed by the ridges on the fingertips.

Loops are characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side, curve around, and exit the same side. This type is the most common among fingerprints. Whorls have circular or spiral patterns and can be classified into different subtypes based on their specific formations, being less common than loops. Arches are the least common fingerprint pattern and are identified by ridges that rise in the middle and fall off on both sides, creating a wave-like effect.

Other options presented do not accurately represent established categories within fingerprint classification. For example, options including terms like "patterns," "bends," and "impressions" lack specific definitions related to the established fingerprint types used in forensic science. Understanding these classifications is crucial for various applications in fields like criminal investigation, where accurately identifying and analyzing fingerprints can provide significant evidence in solving cases.